d'mONTE 幼儿教育心得 =)

dmonte

Here's how to make the most of your child's social calendar.

Jennifer Bianco knows how to make the most of a playdate. The mother of a girl and boy, ages 6 and 3 respectively, Bianco uses playdates as an important social experience both for her kids and for herself.

"Playdates are great for my kids," Bianco says. "They learn how to interact with other kids; they learn how to share and how to get along in general. And it gives me a great opportunity to connect with other adults to talk about parentingand things totally unrelated to being a mom, which is refreshing."

Experts agree with Bianco that playdates are loaded with opportunity for parent and child. But to be sure you get the most benefit, it's important to understand playdate etiquette. There's more to a playdate than just scheduling a day, time, and place to meet. You need to consider certain factors such as age, frequency, and location as well as what to expect when everyone gets together.

** Playdate Etiquette (1,2,3,4,5,6) **

1.AGE: Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy, Confident Kids, says, "It's never too early for a playdate for a child, even an infant. Babies are fascinated by other babies, and any new stimulation is really good for brain development. Even looking at another child, touching hands, and just being curious is really good."

For toddlers, the age of the other children doesn't really matter. Based on her experience with her own kids, Bianco says most kids will find some value in spending time with another child even if their ages don't match. It's not until they get a little older, around the age of 5, that a child begins to show preference for spending time with others closer in age.

2.GENDER : "Playdates are a great opportunity for your child to interact with the other gender," Berman says. "It really doesn't matter if you arrange a playdate with a child of the opposite sex until your child says it does." And that usually doesn't happen, Berman says, until the child is older.

3.FREQUENCY: "Twice a week is a nice number," Berman says. But she cautions not to go overboard and to avoid the tendency to over-schedule your kids.

"I don't like to see a child having a playdate seven days a week," Berman says. "We live in a society that doesn't value people spending time on their own, but that's an important skill to learn, even for toddlers."

Bianco, a working mom, says once every couple of weeks works for her and her family's busy schedule. The trick is to find a balance that works for you and keeps your kids happy.

4.LOCATION: It's good to have a combination of locations for playdates; new places mean new learning experiences for your child.

Berman says, "It's a great experience for a child to see another child's house and see how they live. It's also good to have someone visit your house so your child can learn to welcome his friends into his home."

There's also nothing wrong with neutral ground, Berman says. Parks, playgrounds, and centers that host playgroups are all good options for playdate ideas.

5.LENGTH: Two hours is the magic number for Bianco and her kids. That's just enough time to play, have a snack, take a break, and play again before wrapping things up.

6.RECIPROCITY: The correct way to handle playdates is to make sure you reciprocate with other moms.

"If you host a playdate at your house, then it's only fair that the mom and child offer the same invitation to you and your child," Bianco says. "We've had playdates with my daughter's friend at our home but have never received an invitation in return. So my daughter keeps asking, 'Why can't I play over at her house?'"

This especially rings true for busy, working parents like Bianco, who rearranges her schedule to make time for a playdate and likes it when other moms reciprocate. via:http://www.webmd.com/

dmonte

1、我們缺少的不是機會，而是在機會面前將自己重新歸零的勇氣。
2、當我們失去的時候，才知道自己曾經擁有。
3、記住該記住的，忘記該忘記的。改變能改變的，接受不能改變的。
4、眼淚的存在，是為了證明悲傷不是一場幻覺。
5、人只要不失去方向，就不會失去自己！人生重要的不是所站的位置，而是所朝的方向。
6、理想的路總是為有信心的人預備著。
7、抱最大的希望，為最大的努力，做最壞的打算。
8、一個人有生就有死，但只要你活著，就要以最好的方式活下去。
9、我總覺得，生命本身應該有一種意義，我們絕不是白白來一場的。
10、微小的幸福就在身邊，容易滿足就是天堂。
11、沒有人因水的平淡而厭倦飲水，也沒有人因生活的平淡而摒棄生活。
12、有些事情本身我們無法控制，只好控制自己。
13、美好的生命應該充滿期待、驚喜和感激。
14、最快樂的人並不是一切東西都是最好的，但他們會充分享受自己已有的東西。
15、自己要先看得起自己，別人才會看得起你。
16、每天告訴自己一次：我真的很棒。
17、要銘記在心：每天都是一年中最美好的日子。
18、有理想在的地方，地獄就是天堂。有希望在的地方，痛苦也成歡樂。
19、把你的臉迎向陽光，那就不會有陰影。
20、當你的希望一個個落空，你也要堅定，要沉著！
21、一個人的價值在於他的才華，而不在他的衣飾。
22、你明白，人的一生，既不是人們想像的那麼好，也不是那麼壞。 via:幸福拳

dmonte

These parenting missteps are common, but you can navigate around them with smart strategies.

Mistake 1: Being Inconsistent

Toddlers do best when they know what to expect, whether it's what time they bathe and go to bed or what consequences they'll face for misbehaving. The more consistent and predictable things are, the more resilient and agreeable a toddler is likely to be.

Fix it: As much as you can, keep regular routines for your child. Consistency can be a challenge when parents (or other caregivers) don't see eye to eye.

If you're not sure how best to react when your child dumps food on the floor or ignores bedtime, sit down with your partner to decide ahead of time how you'll both respond -- and then stick with it.

Mistake 2: Overdoing Family Time

It's fun to spend time with the whole family. But some parents go overboard on family time.

Clinical psychologist Thomas Phelan, author of 1-2-3 Magic, says, "Kids cherish time alone with one parent." He points out, "One-on-one time is fun for parents too, because there's no sibling rivalry to contend with."

Fix it: It's easy to spend one-on-one time with a toddler. Phelan recommends simply getting down on the floor together and playing. At bedtime, enjoy reading a book together or tell stories to your child.

Mistake 3: Offering Too Much Help

Some parents jump in to help a toddler who is having trouble doing something. Before you do, consider the possibility that helping your child complete a puzzle or put on a shirt may send the message that he or she can't do it alone.

"Parents who offer too much help may be sabotaging their young children's ability to become self-reliant," Betsy Brown Braun, author of You're Not the Boss of Me, says.

Fix it: "We need to teach children to tolerate struggle," Braun says.

At the same time, there’s nothing wrong with offering praise and encouragement. "Be a cheerleader," Braun says. "Say, 'You can do this!'"

Mistake 4: Talking Too Much

Talking with toddlers is usually a terrific idea, but not when it's time to rein in errant behavior.

Imagine a mom has just said "no" to her 2-year-old's request for a cookie. The child fusses. Mom explains that it's suppertime. The child grabs a cookie anyway. Mom takes it away and tries again to explain herself to her now tearful child. Back and forth it goes with mounting frustration on both sides.

"Talking can lead to what I call the talk-persuade-argue-yell-hit pattern," Phelan says. "Toddlers are not adults in a little body. They're not logical, and they just can't assimilate what you are saying to them."

Fix it: Once you tell your toddler to do something, Phelan says, don't talk about it or make eye contact. If the child disobeys, give a brief verbal warning or count to three. If the child refuses to toe the line, give a time-out or another immediate consequence. No explaining.

Mistake 5: Serving Only Kiddie Food

Does your toddler seem to eat nothing but chicken fingers and fries? Are goldfish crackers the only fish he or she eats? As some parents realize too late, toddlers fed a steady diet of nutritionally iffy kid's foods may resist eating anything else.

Fix it: Encourage your child to try "grown-up" fare. "A good percentage of kids are willing to try a new food if they see mommy and daddy enjoying it," Altmann says. "If they push back, keep putting it on their plate. Some kids need to try things a dozen or more times before they take to it."

But don't worry too much if your toddler is a picky eater. "Most toddlers are," Braun says. "Children love the fight over food. If we make a fuss about it, it becomes a much bigger deal than it needs to be."

Braun's advice is not to worry as long as there's something your child can eat on the plate. Do not allow yourself, she says, to become your child's short-order cook.

dmonte

Mistake 6: Getting Rid of the Crib

Cribs do more than keep little ones safe. They promote good sleep habits.

A toddler moved too soon into a "real" bed may have trouble staying in bed or falling asleep and so may end up climbing into bed with mommy and daddy.

"Some moms wear themselves out because they have to lie down with their child every night," Altmann says. "They don't realize they're the ones who set the pattern."

Fix it: The time to get rid of the crib is when your child asks for a bed or starts climbing out of the crib. For most kids, that comes between the ages of 2 and 3 or when a child reaches a height of about 35 inches.

Mistake 7: Starting Potty Training Too Soon

Some parents cajole their children into using the toilet when they think it's time and issue harsh reprimands when things go awry. That can lead to a power struggle.

Fix it: "Children learn to use the toilet when they're ready," Altmann says. "The process shouldn't be rushed."

But you can set the stage. Show your toddler the toilet. Explain its use. If you feel comfortable doing so, let your child watch you use the toilet and offer praise if he or she gives it a whirl.

What if your child is still in diapers at age 4? "Don't worry," Altmann says. "No child is ever going to go to college in diapers.

Mistake 8: Allowing Too Much Screen Time

Toddlers who watch lots of TV often have more trouble learning later on. And studies suggest that kids under the age of 2 can't really take in what's being displayed on TV and computer screens.

Fix it: Keep your toddler busy with reading and other creative pursuits. Have conversations-and encourage talking as well as listening. "The longer you can hold off exposing your child to TV, the better," Altmann says.

Mistake 9: Trying to Stop a Tantrum

Some parents worry that an out-of-control child makes them seem like ineffectual parents. But all toddlers have tantrums. When they do, it's pointless to try to talk them out of it -- even if the drama is unfolding in front of company or in a public place.

"When we are in public and dealing with a child, we feel judged," Braun says. "We feel like there is a neon sign over our heads saying we are incompetent parents."

Fix it: Braun says parents must remember that the child matters more than the opinions of other people -- especially strangers.

If people glare or offer unwanted advice, simply smile and say something like, "Gosh, do you remember what it was like?" Then scoop up the wailing child and find a place away from prying eyes for the tantrum to run its course. Once it does, offer the child a hug and go on with your day.

dmonte

The amount of sleep a child needs varies depending on the individual and certain factors, including the age of the child. Following are some general guidelines:

1-4 Weeks Old: 15 - 16 hours per day
Newborns typically sleep about 15 to 18 hours a day, but only in short periods of two to four hours. Premature babies may sleep longer and colicky ones shorter.

Since newborns do not yet have an internal biological clock, or circadian rhythm, their sleep patterns are not related to the daylight and nighttime cycles. In fact, they tend not to have much of a pattern at all.

1-4 Months Old: 14 - 15 hours per day
By 6 weeks of age your baby is beginning to settle down a bit, and you may notice more regular sleep patterns emerging. The longest periods of sleep run four to six hours and now tends to occur more regularly in the evening. Day-night confusion ends.

4-12 Months Old: 14 - 15 hours per day
While up to 15 hours is ideal, most infants up to 11 months old get only about 12 hours sleep. Establishing healthy sleep habits is a primary goal during this period, as your baby is now much more social, and his sleep patterns are more adult-like.
Babies typically have three naps and drop to two at around 6 months old, at which time (or earlier) they are physically capable of sleeping through the night. Establishing regular naps generally happens at the latter part of this time frame, as his biological rhythms mature. The midmorning nap usually starts at 9 a.m. and lasts about an hour. The early afternoon nap starts between noon and 2 p.m. and lasts an hour or two. And the late afternoon nap may start from 3 to 5 p.m. and is variable in duration.
1-3 Years Old: 12 - 14 hours per day
As your child moves past the first year toward 18-21 months of age he will likely lose his morning nap and nap only once a day. While toddlers need up to 14 hours a day of sleep, they typically get only about 10.
Most children from about 21 to 36 months of age still need one nap a day, which may range from one to three and a half hours long. They typically go to bed between 7 and 9 p.m. and wake up between 6 and 8 a.m.
3-6 Years Old: 10 - 12 hours per day
Children at this age typically go to bed between 7 and 9 p.m. and wake up around 6 and 8 a.m., just as they did when they were younger. At 3, most children are still napping, while at 5, most are not. Naps gradually become shorter as well. New sleep problems do not usually develop after 3 years of age.
7-12 Years Old: 10 - 11 hours per day
At these ages, with social, school, and family activities, bedtimes gradually become later and later, with most 12-years-olds going to bed at about 9 p.m. There is still a wide range of bedtimes, from 7:30 to 10 p.m., as well as total sleep times, from 9 to 12 hours, although the average is only about 9 hours.
12-18 Years Old: 8 - 9 hours per day
Sleep needs remain just as vital to health and well-being for teenagers as when they were younger. It turns out that many teenagers actually may need more sleep than in previous years. Now, however, social pressures conspire against getting the proper amount and quality of sleep.
Source: http://goo.gl/bqn4Fe

dmonte

父母过高的期望，带来的是孩子的无望;
父母过多的干涉，带来的是孩子的无奈;
父母过度的保护，带来的是孩子的无能;
父母过分的关心，带来的是孩子的无情;
父母过多的指责，带来的是孩子的无措。



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dmonte

【学生】作业写不完就会“翻倍”罚

　　10岁的雷雷今年上四年级，平日大多是数学、语文、英语三个科目的老师留家庭作业。“作业少的话写一个小时，多的时候要两个多小时。”雷雷说，最多的一次他从晚上7点写到10点。

　　雷雷表示，平时的家庭作业多点倒没什么，他最不喜欢周末的时候老师布置作业，每个双休日，他要花一天的时间来写作业。雷雷说，虽然自己贪玩，但老师布置的作业他都按时完成。“写不完的话老师会罚，有时会翻倍罚写。”

　　和小学生相比，初中生学习的科目更多，作业负担更重。婷婷正在上初二，她说一般情况下，她从下午6点多开始写作业，到晚上9:30能写完，最晚的一次写到晚上12点还没有写完，只好第二天早上6点起床写作业。

　　婷婷喜欢看课外书和画画，但因为每天晚上写家庭作业要到很晚，第二天还要上早读，通常晚上11点睡觉，很少有时间看书和画画。“好不容易到了周末又要上辅导班，所以经常是临睡前看几眼书，怀着‘依依不舍’的心情睡觉。”

　　正在上初三的小伟说，因为作业多，他有时不管写得对不对，只管“应付”过去。“有时老师也不细看，所以经常能‘蒙混过关’。”

　　“以前刚学homework的时候还不明白为啥它是不可数名词，现在终于明白了，原来咋写也写不完。”小伟说。

【家长】陪孩子写作业是下班后的主要“工作”
　　对于孩子的家庭作业，“望子成龙”的父母有什么看法呢？
　　秦女士儿子今年读四年级，每天晚上孩子写作业都要忙到9点多，晚上陪孩子写作业是雷打不动的工作。秦女士告诉记者，她和丈夫各有分工，一、三、五她陪儿子写作业，二、四丈夫陪儿子写作业。“儿子在房间做作业，我们在客厅看电视都把声音调得很小，生怕惊动他，有时索性把电视机关掉坐在沙发上看书等儿子。”秦女士说，“有时候也不忍心，都想替孩子写作业。”对于孩子繁重的家庭作业，秦女士认为，老师也是为孩子好，想让孩子多学点知识，就是有时候看到孩子熬夜写作业挺辛苦，有点心疼。
　　同样家有学生的刘先生则有着不同的看法，他认为孩子在学校学习了一整天，已经很累了，如果回家还要做三四个小时的作业，那就太辛苦了。“我家孩子是个很认真的人，如果不完成作业的话，会一直记挂在心，即使坚持到深夜也要完成，更何况，他还有个好习惯，就是每天睡觉之前都要阅读课外书，如果作业量大，不仅影响了孩子的健康，还把这个好习惯也丢掉了。”
　　记者在洛阳实验学校门口走访时，接孙子的赵大爷对学校留家庭作业也有着看法：“人家都是为孩子好，有啥说的，不能怪罪学校和老师，整天让孩子撒欢行吗？心都玩野了，自己孩子和人家孩子比差一大截子，心里不惭愧呀，所以要从小培养孩子爱学习的好习惯，将来才能干大事。”
　　记者走访发现，家长对于孩子繁重家庭作业有着不同的看法，大多数爸爸认为，孩子在学校已经辛苦一天了，回到家就应该好好休息，学校最好少留或者不留家庭作业，而妈妈们对家庭作业则持肯定态度，她们认为家庭作业是对当天所学知识的巩固和提高，有利于孩子对知识的进一步掌握和记忆，无可厚非。

【老师】为给学生“减负”学校也在“想招”
　　孩子的家庭作业多不多？为啥总有孩子说家庭作业写不完？记者就此采访了几位中小学老师。
　　西工区一小学二年级的班主任刘老师告诉记者，其实这些年学校对家庭作业的问题也很重视，为了减轻孩子负担，很多学校都采取了控制家庭作业时间的措施。“比如我们学校规定一、二年级的家庭作业不得超过三十分钟，三、四年级的家庭作业不得超过45分钟，五、六年级的不得超过一个小时。”
　　刘老师说，之所以会有孩子反映家庭作业多，可能是有些孩子做作业比较慢，而且临近考试的时候，老师确实会比平日里布置的作业量要多。
　　初三班主任岳老师说，目前很多中学也对学生家庭作业时间做出了控制。据她介绍，他们学校规定每个科目的老师给学生们布置的家庭作业不得超过半个小时。但“初中的科目比较多，所以会比小学生作业负担更重”。
　　岳老师认为，部分学生对知识掌握不充分是造成写作业时间长的一个重要因素。针对这一问题，他们在布置家庭作业的时候也会“区别对待”，“对于一些成绩较好的学生，老师布置的作业是写英语作文，但对于部分知识掌握不充分的学生会只要求他们写单词”。

【专家】玩中学习，培养孩子学习兴趣
　　对此，社会学者、洛阳师院副教授安锋说，大力推行素质教育是现代教育改革的一项重要内容，而学生“减负”是素质教育的重要表现形式，依据国家教育部相关规定，学校要统筹学生的家庭作业时间，小学一、二年级不留书面家庭作业，小学其他年级书面家庭作业控制在60分钟以内，双休日是不允许补课的。但是实际执行过程中往往会出现偏差，作业繁多、周末补课。原因有两种，首先是家长的原因，暗地里纵容学校给孩子留作业，以此提高孩子的成绩，这关系到孩子“小升初”的命运，虽然国家取消了“小升初”的考试，但很多学校还是要“测试”，实质上就是考试，师资力量较好的学校往往挑选“测试”成绩好的学生。其次，学校固有的评价体系没有太大改变，学生的成绩是衡量一个学校优差的标准，这就导致老师给孩子留下大量的家庭作业。
　　安锋说，洛阳市提出要办“群众满意的教育”，满意如何体现，重要的一点是要基础教育均衡化。孩子天性爱玩，让孩子在玩中学习，培养孩子的学习兴趣，这是尊重教育发展规律的。所以，教育行政部门在推行素质教育时，更应该推行快乐教育，让孩子在快乐中学习。老师每天留大量家庭作业影响孩子身心健康，不仅对孩子成长有害，还会导致孩子从小学就开始厌学，进而影响到初中、高中甚至大学的学习。所以，无论老师还是家长，都要从孩子健康成长角度出发，给孩子“减负”，让孩子在快乐中主动学习，切忌强迫孩子学习。

tzewei053

jb有d monte 吗？

dmonte

There are many baby development milestones when it comes to eating solid foods. Here are some of the big ones.
Baby Milestone 1: When They Can Start Solids

Most pediatricians, and the American Academy of Pediatrics, recommend introducing solid foods to babies at between 4 and 6 months of age. That’s when they start to lose the “tongue-thrust reflex” or extrusion reflex, which is important for [粗俗词语过滤-#0003]ing the breast or bottle but interferes with feeding.
If your baby is around this age, can sit up well with support, and shows interest in the foods he sees you eating, it’s probably a good time to make your first forays into feeding baby solid food. If your baby is exclusively breastfed, it is recommended that you wait until 6 months of age to start solids.
Baby Milestone 2: When They’re Ready to Move From Puree to Chunks

“Chunking up” babies’ food is a process -- obviously, they shouldn’t go straight from rice cereal to raisin bran. But after the first few weeks of adjusting to eating rather than just drinking his food, your baby should be ready to handle a little more texture in solid foods.
Introduce new textures slowly. Good starters are mashed bananas or mashed avocados. You can also use the “staged” store-bought baby foods -- going from the smooth puree of stage 1 to the slightly thicker stage 2 and then the chunkier stage 3 by around 9 months of age. (Babies don’t necessarily have to have a lot of teeth to handle more texture in their foods -- they can often gum soft foods very well!)
Baby Milestone 3: When They Can Sit in a High Chair

If babies are ready to eat solid foods -- in other words, they can sit upright with support and hold up their head and neck -- they’re ready to sit in a high chair. This is usually around 4 months of age. The chair straps and the tray offer support, and can help him stay in position. Always buckle baby in to his chair, even if he is unable to get out with the tray in place. As he gets older and becomes more active, he may be able to squirm out. Plus, it is good to get in the habit of buckling him in as soon as you start using one.

Baby Milestone 4: When They Can Manage Finger Foods

Babies between 7 and 11 months old usually tell you they’re ready to eat more grown up foods by trying to grab them from you. Almost any food that is healthy and nutritious and has a soft texture makes a good finger food, if it’s cut small enough: diced pasta; small pieces of well-cooked vegetables such as carrots, peas, or zucchini; and pea-sized bites of chicken or soft meat. Small, unsweetened round cereals and cereal puffs are also a good choice.
At first babies “rake” food into their hand, but soon they develop the “pincer grasp” that allows them to pick up small objects between thumb and forefinger. At that point, your baby can become a pro at self-feeding!

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Baby Milestone 5: When They Start Using Spoons

Almost as soon as babies adjust to being fed with a spoon, they’re interested in it and want to grab that thing and shove it into their mouths themselves. That doesn’t mean they’re very good at it, of course!
Most babies don’t learn to use a spoon effectively until after their first birthday, but that doesn’t mean you can’t let a younger baby who’s interested give it a whirl for practice. Try giving him a soft-tipped spoon to hold while you feed him with another. He can get used to holding the spoon himself and will also be distracted from grabbing yours.
When you think he’s ready to actually navigate the spoon into his mouth, try thicker, stickier foods like yogurt, mashed potatoes, or cottage cheese. Another tip: Put some cream cheese on the spoon and then a few pieces of o-shaped cereal on top. The cream cheese won’t fly everywhere, and baby can get the experience of getting cereal into his mouth.
Expect a mess! Use a plastic or other waterproof bib, and put a mat under the high chair to make cleanup easier.
Baby Milestone 6: When They Can Try Highly Allergenic Foods

Some pediatricians still recommend waiting until children are 1-years-old or older before offering them certain foods that are highly allergenic, like eggs or fish. But current research doesn’t demonstrate any benefit to waiting past a certain age to introduce these foods unless you have a significant family history of food allergies or other reasons to believe your baby may be predisposed to them.
There is no evidence that introducing highly allergenic foods to children under the age of 1 makes them any more likely to be allergic to them, and the American Academy of Pediatrics now says it’s fine to give these foods before baby's first birthday. Many pediatricians are still very cautious about shellfish and peanuts, however, because allergic reactions to these foods can be particularly dangerous.
Baby Milestone 7: When They Can Drink Water

Babies don't need water during their first 6 months of life. They get all the water they need from breast milk or baby formula. Babies under 6 months of age should not be given any water at all because it’s easy to fill up their tiny stomachs -- and they should be filling up on the nutrients they need to grow. Once they start eating mostly solid foods, around 9 months of age, they can start water with meals using a sippy cup.
If your older baby shows an interest in water that you’re drinking, there’s no harm in letting him have a few sips. Just don’t let it replace the nutritious breast milk or formula he should be getting.
Baby Milestone 8: When They Can Completely Feed Themselves

Mastering eating with utensils is a long process. Most babies do not become really skilled at it until well over a year. Encourage your child to practice, and again, be prepared for a little mess. (How else will you get the “oatmeal in the hair” pictures that will embarrass him years later?) Source: http://goo.gl/mEGe41